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Northern Tanzania · UNESCO World Heritage Site

Ngorongoro
Conservation Area

A landscape where volcanic geology, wildlife, highland forests, human history and living pastoral traditions meet. Descend into the crater, explore the surrounding highlands and discover a destination far greater than a single viewpoint.

LocationNorthern Tanzania
World Heritage property809,440 ha
Established1959
Known forCrater · Wildlife · History
More than the crater

Where wilderness and human history share one landscape.

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area spans highland plains, savanna, woodland and forests between the Serengeti and the eastern arm of the Great Rift Valley.

Established in 1959 as a multiple-land-use area, it is recognised for the coexistence of wildlife and semi-nomadic Maasai pastoralism, as well as for exceptional archaeological and palaeoanthropological evidence.

The World Heritage property was inscribed for its natural values in 1979 and extended under a cultural criterion in 2010, making Ngorongoro one of Tanzania's mixed natural-and-cultural World Heritage properties.

UNESCO identifies the property as important for biodiversity, geological features and evidence connected with human evolution and human-environment relationships. citeturn0search0turn0search1
The Ngorongoro experience

One destination. Many layers.

A journey through Ngorongoro can move from a dramatic crater rim to wildlife-rich grasslands, from misty highlands to archaeological landscapes and communities whose lives remain connected to the wider ecosystem.

Ngorongoro CraterA spectacular caldera with a high concentration of wildlife.
Highland LandscapesForests, moorlands and open plains shape the area around the crater.
Human HistoryOlduvai Gorge, Laetoli and other sites form part of a deep archaeological record.
Living CulturePastoral communities remain part of the conservation area's human landscape.
Signature landscapes

Four places.
Four different perspectives.

Ngorongoro is a conservation landscape rather than simply a crater destination. Give yourself time to experience the different places that make the area distinctive.

01 · Wildlife

Ngorongoro Crater

The world's largest unbroken caldera and one of the area's most celebrated wildlife landscapes.

02 · Landscape

Highlands

Elevated plains, forests and open moorlands create a very different Tanzania beyond the crater floor.

03 · Archaeology

Olduvai Gorge

A 14-kilometre-long ravine associated with major palaeoanthropological discoveries and research.

04 · People

Living Culture

Traditional livestock grazing and wildlife conservation coexist within the area's multiple-land-use framework.

The crater

A world inside a caldera.

Ngorongoro Crater is the defining landscape of the conservation area. Its enclosed geography creates a dramatic setting where grasslands, wetlands, woodland and water support a concentration of wildlife throughout the year.

GeologyNgorongoro is the world's largest unbroken caldera, according to UNESCO.
WildlifeThe crater is renowned for its high density of large mammals and predators.
Black RhinoThe conservation area supports endangered black rhino.
LandscapeCrater floor habitats include grassland, woodland, wetlands and lake environments.
Wildlife

Exceptional density. Unpredictable encounters.

The crater and surrounding conservation area support an extraordinary range of wildlife. Encounters are always wild and never guaranteed, but the diversity of habitats creates remarkable opportunities for observation.

01 · PREDATOR

Lions

The crater is known for a high density of large predators.

02 · ENDANGERED

Black Rhino

One of the conservation area's globally threatened species.

03 · HERBIVORE

Wildebeest

Part of the wider Serengeti ecosystem's seasonal movement.

04 · HERBIVORE

Zebra

Large grazing herds move through the wider ecosystem.

05 · HERBIVORE

Gazelles

Thomson's and Grant's gazelles form part of the ecosystem's grazing communities.

06 · LARGE MAMMAL

Elephants

Encountered across woodland and open landscapes of the wider area.

07 · PREDATOR

Hyenas

Important predators and scavengers within the ecosystem.

08 · BIRDLIFE

500 Bird Species

UNESCO records approximately 500 bird species within the property.

People & place

A conservation landscape shaped by people.

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area was established as a multiple-land-use area where wildlife conservation and traditional livestock grazing coexist. The presence of Maasai pastoral communities is therefore part of the area's defining human landscape.

For travellers, cultural experiences should be approached with respect, consent and genuine interest in the people and traditions being encountered.

This page describes the conservation area's documented human and ecological context; specific cultural activities should be arranged responsibly with appropriate local partners and community consent.
Deep history

A landscape that helps tell the human story.

3.6M+ YEARS

Laetoli

Fossilised hominin footprints provide important evidence connected with the development of human bipedalism.

OLDUVAI

Human evolution research

Olduvai Gorge contains a long archaeological sequence associated with human evolution and changing human environments.

1959

Conservation Area established

Ngorongoro was established as a multiple-land-use conservation area.

1979 / 2010

World Heritage

Natural values were inscribed in 1979, with cultural significance added to the World Heritage inscription in 2010.

Find your way

Where Ngorongoro sits in northern Tanzania.

The conservation area borders Serengeti National Park and forms part of the northern Tanzania safari circuit. Use the map for orientation when planning your route.

Plan your timing

When should you visit?

Ngorongoro is a year-round destination, but weather, vegetation, visitor patterns and the wider migration cycle change through the year.

Jan – FebGreen-season landscapes and seasonal wildlife movement across the wider ecosystem.
Mar – MayLong rains can bring lush conditions and quieter travel periods.
Jun – OctDry-season conditions often make wildlife viewing attractive, with cooler highland mornings.
Nov – DecShort rains refresh the landscape and can change wildlife distribution.
Ways to experience it

Make Ngorongoro part of a bigger journey.

01 · WILDLIFE

Crater Game Drive

Descend into the crater for a concentrated wildlife experience.

02 · LANDSCAPE

Crater Rim

Experience dramatic highland views and changing light around the caldera.

03 · HISTORY

Olduvai Gorge

Explore a landscape associated with major palaeoanthropological research.

04 · CULTURE

Community Experiences

Where appropriate, experience local culture through responsible community-based arrangements.

05 · COMBINATION

Serengeti + Ngorongoro

Combine two iconic landscapes within one northern Tanzania itinerary.

06 · PRIVATE

Private Safari

Build the pace around photography, wildlife, comfort and the rest of your Tanzania journey.

Questions

Ngorongoro, explained.

No. Ngorongoro is a Conservation Area with a multiple-land-use model. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage property.

It is a large volcanic caldera within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and is recognised by UNESCO as the world's largest unbroken caldera.

Yes. The two destinations are geographically connected within the northern Tanzania safari circuit and are commonly designed into the same itinerary.

The crater is renowned for its high concentration of wildlife, while the wider conservation area provides a much broader range of habitats and ecological experiences.

Its cultural significance includes archaeological and palaeoanthropological evidence related to human evolution, as well as the living pastoral landscape within the conservation area.

Start with your travel dates and the experiences you value most, then combine Ngorongoro with Serengeti, Tarangire, Kilimanjaro or other Tanzania destinations as appropriate.

Your Tanzania story

Step into a landscape older than memory.

Tell us your dates, interests and preferred pace. We will help shape a Ngorongoro journey that connects wildlife, landscape and the wider Tanzania experience.

Plan Your Ngorongoro Safari →